8051 Microcontroller Architecture
T he 8051 is the name of a big family of microcontrollers. The device which we are going to use is ' AT89S52 ' which is a typical 8051 microcontroller manufactured by Atmel. Note that this part doesn't aim to explain the functioning of the different components of a ' AT89S52 ' microcontroller, but rather to give a general idea of the organization of the chip and the available features. It is notice that the ' AT89S52 ' has 4 different ports, each one having 8 Input/output lines providing a total of 32 I/O lines. Those ports can be used to output DATA and orders to other devices, or to read the state of a sensor, or a switch. Most of the ports of the ' AT89S52 ' have 'dual function' meaning that they can be used for two different functions: the first one is to perform input/output operations and the second one is used to implement special features of the microcontroller like counting external pulses, interrupting the execution of the p...